C Programming Tutorials
Basics of C:
Facts about C
Why to Use C
C Program File
C Compilers

Program Structure:
Simple C Program
C Program Compilation

Basic DataTypes:
DataTypes
Modifiers
Qualifiers
Arrays

Variable Types:
Local Variable
Global Variable

Storage Classes:
auto storage class
register storage class
static storage class
extern storage class

Using Constants:
Defining Constants
The enum Data Types

Operator Types:
Arithmetic Operators
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
Assignment Operators
Misc Operators

Control Statements:
Branching
Looping

Input and Output:
printf() function
scanf() function

Pointing to Data:
Pointers and Arrays
Pointer Arithmetic
Pointer Arithmetic with arrays

Functions:
Using functions
Declaration and Definition

Strings:
Reading and Writing Strings
String Manipulation Function

Structured DataTypes:
Structure
Pointer to Structure

Working with Files:
Files
Basic I/O

Bits:
Bits Manipulation
Bits Field

Pre-Processors:
Pre-Processors Examples
Parameterized Macros
Macro Caveats

Useful Concepts

Built-in Library Functions:
String Manipulation Function
Memory Management Function
Buffer Manipulation
Character Functions
Error Handling Functions

Soft Skills
Communication Skills
Leadership Skills
                              .........More

C Programming Tutorials

Declaration and Definition
When a function is defined at any place in the program then it is called function definition. At the time of definition of a function actual logic is implemented with-in the function.

A function declaration does not have any body and they just have their interfaces.

A function declaration is usually declared at the top of a C source file, or in a separate header file.

A function declaration is sometime called function prototype or function signature. For the above Demo() function which returns an integer, and takes two parameters a function declaration will be as follows:

Passing Parameters to a Function
There are two ways to pass parameters to a function:

• Pass by Value: mechanism is used when you don't want to change the value of passed parameters. When parameters are passed by value then functions in C create copies of the passed in variables and do required processing on these copied variables.

• Pass by Reference mechanism is used when you want a function to do the changes in passed parameters and reflect those changes back to the calling function. In this case only addresses of the variables are passed to a function so that function can work directly over the addresses.

Here are two programs to understand the difference: First example is for Pass by value:

Here is the result produced by the above example. Here the values of a and b remain unchanged before calling swap function and after calling swap function.

Following is the example which demonstrate the concept of pass by reference

Here is the result produced by the above example. Here the values of a and b are changes after calling swap function.

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